The major challenges in these schemes are to minimize the number of packets for successful traceback and to reduce the number of bits marked per packet by any router along the attack path. The idea is to insert some traceback data in each packet when it passes through a router and use this information to construct the attack path. Packet marking schemes have been proposed to traceback an attacker. Tracing the attacker after an attack is crucial to institute protection measures against future attacks. These attacks are among one of the hardest security problems to address because they are simple to implement but hard to prevent and difficult to trace. Network attacks and in particular denial of service (DoS) attacks have emerged as a major way to compromise the availability of servers and interrupt legitimate online services provided by servers. Through our implementations on a platform, we validated our approach and demonstrated the feasibility of practical network forensics. This research proposes a novel approach to embed the essence of a management information base (MIB) into iTrace messages, named MIB-ITrace-CP, in order to improve the accuracy and efficiency of the original ICMP-based Traceback. Although the Internet Engineer Task Force (IETF) has proposed an Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) based Traceback solution, it faces severe difficulties in practice in regard to justifying the interoperability of deployed routers as well as the correctness of Traceback with multiple attack paths. For stepping-stone and masquerading techniques typically used in DoS/DDoS attacks such as internet protocol (IP) or Media Access Control (MAC) address spoofing, tracing the intrusion back to the true attacker becomes a challenging task for network security engineers. We demonstrated that our enhanced solution provides faster construction of the attack graph, with only marginal increase in computation, storage and bandwidth.Ī denial-of-service (DoS) / distributed-denial-of-service (DDoS) attack may result in rapid resource depletion along the attack path. Analytical and sim- ulation studies have been performed to evaluate the performance improvements.
The enhancement consists in encoding the en- tire attack path information in the ICMP Traceback message. In this paper, we pro- pose an enhancement to the ICMP Traceback approach, called ICMP Traceback with Cumulative Path (ITrace-CP). Different traceback methods have been proposed, such as IP logging, IP marking and IETF ICMP Traceback (ITrace).
#BELLOVIN ITRACE FULL#
The objective of IP Traceback is to determine the real attack sources, as well as the full path taken by the attack packets. The current Internet protocols and infrastructure do not pro- vide intrinsic support to traceback the real attack sources. The attackers usually use IP spoong to conceal their real location.
DoS/DDoS attacks constitute one of the major classes of security threats in the Internet today.
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